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Ethics | Definition, History, Examples, Types, Philosophy, & Facts | Britannica

SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideosethicsIntroduction & Top QuestionsThe origins of ethicsMythical accountsIntroduction of moral codesProblems of divine originPrehuman ethicsNonhuman behaviourKinship and reciprocityAnthropology and ethicsThe history of Western ethicsAncient civilizations to the end of the 19th centuryThe ancient Middle East and AsiaThe Middle EastIndiaChinaAncient and Classical GreeceAncient GreeceSocratesPlatoAristotleLater Greek and Roman ethicsThe StoicsThe EpicureansChristian ethics from the New Testament to the ScholasticsEthics in the New TestamentSt. AugustineSt. Thomas Aquinas and the ScholasticsThe Renaissance and the ReformationMachiavelliThe first ProtestantsThe British tradition from Hobbes to the utilitariansHobbesEarly intuitionists: Cudworth, More, and ClarkeShaftesbury and the moral sense schoolButler on self-interest and conscienceThe climax of moral sense theory: Hutcheson and HumeThe intuitionist response: Price and ReidUtilitarianismPaleyBenthamMillSidgwickThe Continental tradition from Spinoza to NietzscheSpinozaLeibnizRousseauKantHegelMarxNietzscheWestern ethics from the beginning of the 20th centuryMetaethicsMoore and the naturalistic fallacyModern intuitionismEmotivismExistentialismUniversal prescriptivismLater developments in metaethicsMoral realismKantian constructivism: a middle ground?Irrealist views: projectivism and expressivismEthics and reasons for actionNormative ethicsThe debate over consequentialismVarieties of consequentialismObjections to consequentialismAn ethics of prima facie dutiesRawls’s theory of justiceRights theoriesNatural law ethicsVirtue ethicsFeminist ethicsEthical egoismApplied ethicsEqualityAnimalsEnvironmental ethicsWar and peaceAbortion, euthanasia, and the value of human lifeBioethicsReferences & Edit HistoryQuick Facts & Related TopicsImages & Videosethics summaryWhat is ethics?How is ethics different from morality?Why does ethics matter?Is ethics a social science?What is the trolley problem?Philosophy & ReligionEthical IssuesFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/topic/ethics-philosophyCornell Law School - Legal Information Institute - EthicsHumanities LibreTexts - EthicsWorld Health Organization - Code of Ethics and Professional ConductInternet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Empathy and Sympathy in EthicsVIVA Open Publishing - Ethics and Society - Ethical Behavior and Moral Values in Everyday LifePhilosophy Basics - EthicsAmerican Medical Association - Journal of Ethics - Triage and EthicsPsychology Today - Ethics and MoralityNational Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Ethics and MoralityGovernment of Canada - Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat - What is ethics?ethics and morality - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)Peter Singer Peter Singer is the Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at the University Center for Human Values, Princeton University. A specialist in applied ethics, he approaches ethical issues from a secular, preference-utilitarian...Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....HistoryCode of Hammurabireligionssocial-psychologicalhistoricalsocial sciencephilosophydisciplinemorallymoral(Read Britannica’s biography of this author, Peter Singer.)happinessvirtueclonehuman beingEthicsdecision makingright or wrongmoralityethicalmoralityphilosophyanthropologybiologyeconomicshistorypoliticssociologytheologydisciplinesconceptionsBuddhismChristianityConfucianismHinduismJainismJudaismSikhismSUBSCRIBE The origins of ethics Mythical accounts Introduction of moral codes When did ethics begin and how did it originate? If one has in mind ethics proper—i.e., the systematic study of what is morally right and wrong—it is clear that ethics could have come into existenceconductmoral codesmythgodHammurabiCode of HammurabiHebrew BibleOld TestamentTen CommandmentsMosesMount SinaidialoguePlatoZeuslawjusticecommunitiesdivinetheologymoral theologyAristotleSocratesPlatoSt. AugustineImmanuel Kantaxiom of benevolenceprinciple of equityeudaemonismsummum bonumuniversalizabilityHumanities LibreTexts - EthicsSee all related contentEuthyphrogoodalternative

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