温馨提示：本站仅提供公开网络链接索引服务，不存储、不篡改任何第三方内容，所有内容版权归原作者所有
AI智能索引来源：http://www.eb.com/topic/biblical-literature/The-Synoptic-Gospels
点击访问原文链接

Biblical literature - Synoptic Gospels, Parables, Parables | Britannica

进入原网站 导航首页
SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideosbiblical literatureIntroductionInfluence and significanceHistorical and cultural importanceIn JudaismIn ChristianityMajor themes and characteristicsInfluencesOn Western civilizationOn the modern secular ageOld Testament canon, texts, and versionsThe canonThe Hebrew canonThe number of booksThe tripartite canonThe history of canonizationThe divisions of the TaNaKhThe TorahThe NeviʾimThe KetuvimThe Samaritan canonThe Alexandrian canonThe canon at QumrānThe Christian canonTexts and versionsTextual criticism: manuscript problemsProblems resulting from aural conditioningProblems visual in originExegetical problemsDeliberate changesTextual criticism: scholarly problemsTexts and manuscriptsSources of the SeptuagintThe Samaritan PentateuchThe Qumrān texts and other scrollsMasoretic textsCollations of the Masoretic materialsPrinted editionsEarly versionsThe Aramaic TargumsThe Septuagint (LXX)The version of AquilaThe revision of TheodotionThe translation of SymmachusOrigen’s HexaplaManuscripts and printed editions of the SeptuagintCoptic versionsThe Armenian versionThe Georgian versionThe Ethiopic versionThe Gothic versionThe Old Latin versionVersions after the 4th centuryThe VulgateSyriac versionsArabic versionsLater and modern versions: EnglishOld English versionsMiddle English versionsThe Wycliffite versionsEnglish translations after the ReformationThe translation of William TyndaleThe translation of Miles CoverdaleThe Thomas Matthew versionThe Great BibleThe Geneva BibleThe Bishops’ BibleThe Douai-Reims BibleThe King James and subsequent versionsThe King James (Authorized) VersionThe English Revised VersionThe American Standard VersionThe Revised Standard VersionThe New English BibleThe New International VersionThe New King James VersionThe New Revised Standard VersionMid-20th-century Roman Catholic versionsSpecial versionsJewish versionsMedieval and modern versions: Dutch, French, and GermanDutch versionsFrench versionsGerman versionsGreek, Hungarian, Italian, and Portuguese translationsGreek versionsHungarian versionsItalian versionsPortuguese versionsScandinavian, Slavic, Spanish, and Swiss translationsScandinavian versionsSlavic versionsSpanish versionsSwiss versionsNon-European versionsOld Testament historyEarly developmentsBackground and beginningsExodus and conquestThe tribal leagueThe united monarchyFrom the period of the divided monarchy through the restorationThe divided monarchy: from Jeroboam I to the Assyrian conquestThe final period of the kingdom of JudahThe Babylonian Exile and the restorationOld Testament literatureThe Torah (Law, Pentateuch, or Five Books of Moses)Composition and authorshipThe documentary hypothesisOther Pentateuchal theoriesGenesisThe primeval historyThe patriarchal narrativesExodusRedemption and revelationLegislationInstructions on the TabernacleLeviticusOfferings, sacrifices, and priestly worshipPurification lawsThe Holiness CodeCommutation of vows and tithesNumbersThe conclusion of the Sinai sojournWanderings in the desert of ParanEvents in Edom and MoabDeuteronomy: Introductory discourseSpecial nature and problemsFirst introductory discourse of MosesSecond introductory discourseDeuteronomy: the lawbook and the conclusionThe lawbookConcluding exhortation and traditions about the last days of MosesThe Neviʾim (Prophets)The canon of the ProphetsHebrew prophecyJoshuaThe conquest of CanaanDivision of the land and renewal of the CovenantJudges: background and purposeThe Deuteronomic “theology of history”Canaanite culture and religionJudges: importance and roleThe role of the judgesThe role of certain lesser judgesThe roles of Deborah, Gideon, and JephthahThe role of SamsonSamuel: Israel under Samuel and SaulTheological and political biasesThe role of SamuelThe rise and fall of SaulSamuel: the rise and significance of DavidEarly reign of DavidThe expansion of the Davidic EmpireKings: background and Solomon’s reignThe succession of Solomon to the throneThe reign of SolomonKings: Solomon’s successorsThe divided monarchyThe significance of ElijahKings: the second bookThe significance of ElishaThe fall of IsraelThe fall of JudahIsaiahThe prophecies of First IsaiahThe prophecies of Deutero-IsaiahThe oracles of Trito-IsaiahJeremiahEzekielEzekiel—the man and his messageProphetic themes and actionsOracles of hopeThe first six minor prophetsHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahThe last six minor prophetsNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiThe KetuvimOverviewPsalmsProverbsJobThe Megillot (the Scrolls)Song of SolomonRuthLamentations of JeremiahEcclesiastesBook of EstherDanielEzra, Nehemiah, and ChroniclesIntertestamental literatureNature and significanceDefinitionsTexts and versionsPersian and Hellenistic influencesApocalypticismApocryphal writingsApocryphal works indicating Persian influenceEsdrasJudithTobitThe Story of AhikarBaruchApocryphal works lacking strong indications of influenceThe Letter of JeremiahPrayer of ManassehAdditions to Daniel and EstherThe Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Young MenSusannaBel and the DragonGreek additions to EstherI and II MaccabeesI MaccabeesII MaccabeesWisdom literatureEcclesiasticus (or Sirach)The Wisdom of SolomonThe Pseudepigraphal writingsWorks indicating a Greek influenceThe Letter of AristeasIV MaccabeesIII MaccabeesThe Lives of the ProphetsThe Ascension of IsaiahParalipomena of JeremiahThe Testament of JobLife of Adam and EveApocalyptic and eschatological worksIII BaruchII EnochThe Psalms of SolomonThe Assumption of MosesThe Sibylline OraclesII Esdras (or IV Esdras)The Apocalypse of BaruchPseudepigrapha connected with the Dead Sea ScrollsThe Book of JubileesThe Book of EnochTestaments of the Twelve PatriarchsQumrān literature (Dead Sea Scrolls)Discovery of the Dead Sea ScrollsFindings and conclusionsApocryphal and pseudepigraphal writingsPesharimThe War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of DarknessBooks of ordinancesHodayotNew Testament canon, texts, and versionsThe New Testament canonConditions aiding the formation of the canonThe process of canonizationThe need for consolidation and delimitationImpulse toward canonization from heretical movementsLate-2nd-century canonsCanonical standards of the 3rd and 4th centuriesDetermination of the canon in the 4th centuryDevelopments in the 16th centuryTexts and versionsTextual criticismThe physical aspects of New Testament textsTypes of writing materials and methodsTypes of manuscript errorsCritical scholarshipTexts and manuscriptsUncialsMinusculesPapyriVersionsEarly versionsLater and modern editionsNew Testament historyThe Jewish and Hellenistic matrixBackgroundThe Hasmonean kingdomRule by the HerodsRoman occupation and Jewish revoltsJewish sects and partiesThe PhariseesThe SadduceesThe ZealotsThe EssenesThe religious situation in the Greco-Roman world of the 1st century adHellenistic religionsAstrologyPhilosophical solutionsAdaptation of the Christian message to the Hellenistic religious situationThe life of JesusThe chronology of PaulNew Testament literatureIntroduction to the GospelsMeaning of the term gospelForm criticismThe Synoptic problemEarly theories about the Synoptic problemThe two- and four-source hypothesesThe Synoptic GospelsThe Gospel According to Mark: background and overviewThe Gospel According to Mark: unique structureThe Gospel According to MatthewThe Gospel According to LukeThe fourth Gospel: The Gospel According to JohnUniqueness of JohnForm and content of JohnThe Acts of the ApostlesThe purpose and style of ActsThe content of ActsThe Pauline LettersBackground and overviewThe Letter of Paul to the RomansThe First Letter of Paul to the CorinthiansThe Second Letter of Paul to the CorinthiansThe Letter of Paul to the GalatiansThe Letter of Paul to the EphesiansThe Letter of Paul to the PhilippiansThe Letter of Paul to the ColossiansThe First Letter of Paul to the ThessaloniansThe Second Letter of Paul to the ThessaloniansThe Pastoral Letters: I and II Timothy and TitusThe Pastoral Letters as a unitContent and problemsThe Letter of Paul to PhilemonThe Letter to the HebrewsTextual ambiguitiesChristology in HebrewsThe Catholic LettersThe Letter of JamesThe First Letter of PeterThe Johannine Letters: I, II, and III JohnThe First Letter of JohnThe Second Letter of JohnThe Third Letter of JohnThe Letter of JudeThe Revelation to JohnPurpose and themeAuthorship and styleNew Testament ApocryphaNature and significanceThe New Testament apocryphal writingsGospelsActsLettersApocalypsesBiblical literature in liturgyBiblical literature in the liturgy of JudaismBiblical literature in the liturgy of ChristianityEastern OrthodoxyRoman CatholicismProtestantismThe critical study of biblical literature: exegesis and hermeneuticsNature and significanceCritical methodsTextual criticismPhilological criticismLiterary criticismTradition criticismForm criticismOther types of exegetical critical techniquesRedaction criticismHistorical criticism“History of religions” criticismTypes of biblical hermeneuticsLiteral interpretationMoral interpretationAllegorical interpretationOther hermeneutical principlesAnagogical interpretationParallelismAnalogical interpretationOther typesThe development of biblical exegesis and hermeneutics in JudaismEarly stagesThe Hellenistic periodThe medieval periodThe modern periodThe development of biblical exegesis and hermeneutics in ChristianityEarly stagesThe patristic periodThe medieval periodThe Reformation periodThe modern periodDevelopments since the mid-20th centuryReferences & Edit HistoryRelated TopicsImages & VideosChristianity QuizPhilosophy & ReligionScripturesbiblical literatureNew Testament literatureFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/topic/biblical-literatureLiberty University - Scholars Crossing - The "Wall of Separation" Motif in Biblical Literature and Western Political and Legal ThoughtPolitical and Legal Thought (PDF)Nahum M. Sarna Golding Professor Emeritus of Biblical Studies, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts. Author of Understanding Genesis and others.AllBritannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....HistoryThe Gospel According to MarkSt. Mark the EvangelistcanonicalcontemporaneouscomprisesApostlemartyrPapiasbishopAsia MinorJohn MarkActsdisciplechurchprovenanceLatinJerusalem TalmudvernacularJesus’analogyenigmatictombAramaicJesus’ prayerenhancestereotypedOld Testamentcontext

智能索引记录