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Atheism | Definition, History, Beliefs, Types, Examples, & Facts | Britannica

SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideosatheismIntroductionAtheism as rejection of religious beliefsAtheism and theismAtheism and metaphysical beliefsAtheism and intuitive knowledgeComprehensive definition of atheismReferences & Edit HistoryRelated TopicsImages & Videosatheism summaryWhat is gnosticism?How does gnosticism differ from Christianity?Does gnosticism predate Christianity?Philosophy & ReligionReligious BeliefsFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/topic/atheismBBC - Heart and Soul - A believer?s guide to atheismPhilPapers - An Argument for AtheismStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Atheism and AgnosticismQueen's University Belfast - Explaining Atheism: The Causal Origins of Individual and Societal Non-belief (PDF)Leiden University Scholarly Repository - The Definition of AtheismFree Speech Center at Middle Tennessee State University - AtheismHartford Institute for Religion Research - Encyclopedia of Religion and Society - AtheismThe Basics of Philosophy - AtheismCNN - Why people are reluctant to call themselves atheistsABC Religion and Ethics - Atheism, faith, and experienceAmerican Humanist Association - Humanist Common Ground: AtheismDigital Commons at George Fox University - Agnosticism and Atheism as Amoralism and Anti-Ideological Sociopolitical Paradigm in the Balkans, Specifically in Bosnia andSociopolitical Paradigm in the Balkans, Specifically in Bosnia and Herzegovina (PDF)Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Atheismatheism - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)Kai E. Nielsen Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec. Author of Scepticism.Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....HistorySøren KierkegaardcritiquemetaphysicalbeliefstheismagnosticismbeliefprobeJudaismChristianityIslamuniversesovereigntyhuman beingsreligionconceptionsAfrican religionsDinkaNueranthropomorphicGreeceRomeHinduismBuddhismtheologiansPaul Tillichinfiniteidiosyncraticeccentrictheologyexistence of Godfideistic believersJohann HamannSøren KierkegaardfaithsovereignSUBSCRIBE Finally, and most important, not all denials of God are denials of his existence. Believers sometimes deny God while not being at all in a state of doubt that God exists. They either willfully reject what they take to be his authority by not acting in accordance with what they take to be his will, or else they simply live their lives as if God did not exist. In this important way they deny him. Such deniers are not atheists (unless we wish, misleadingly, to call them “practical atheists”). They are not even agnosticshypothesisputativeillusionpragmatistsempiricistsBlaise PascalBlaise PascalagnosticT.H. HuxleySir Leslie Stephen)Baron d’HolbachhypothesesapriorismdogmaticassertdeathpostmortemtranscendentempiricalempiricalCharles BradlaughAntony FlewShiv Narayan AgnihotriChristopher HitchensHarriet Martineausecularismnew atheismSee all related contentmetaphysicaldeny

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