SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideosWestern philosophyIntroductionThe nature of Western philosophyThe Western traditionGeneral considerationsWays of ordering the historyFactors in writing the historyShifts in the focus and concern of Western philosophyAncient Greek and Roman philosophyThe pre-Socratic philosophersCosmology and the metaphysics of matterMonistic cosmologiesPluralistic cosmologiesEpistemology of appearanceMetaphysics of numberAnthropology and relativismThe seminal thinkers of Greek philosophySocratesPlatoLifePhilosophyAristotlePhilosophyDisciples and commentatorsHellenistic and Roman philosophyStoicismEpicureanismSkepticismNeo-Pythagoreanism and NeoplatonismMedieval philosophyThe early Middle AgesAugustineBoethiusThe Greek Fathers of the Church and ErigenaAnselmBernard de Clairvaux and AbelardThe transition to ScholasticismArabic thoughtJewish thoughtThe age of the SchoolmenRobert Grosseteste and Roger BaconWilliam of AuvergneBonaventureAlbertus MagnusThomas AquinasAverroistsThe late Middle AgesJohn Duns ScotusWilliam of OckhamMeister EckehartNicholas of CusaRenaissance philosophyPolitical philosophyHumanismPhilosophy of natureModern philosophyThe rise of empiricism and rationalismThe empiricism of Francis BaconThe materialism of Thomas HobbesThe rationalism of DescartesThe rationalism of Spinoza and LeibnizLiterary forms and sociological conditionsThe EnlightenmentClassical British empiricismReason in Locke and BerkeleyBasic science of human nature in HumeNonepistemological movements in the EnlightenmentMaterialism and scientific discoverySocial and political philosophyProfessionalization of philosophyCritical examination of reason in KantLiterary formsThe 19th centuryThe idealism of Fichte, Schelling, and HegelPositivism and social theory in Comte, Mill, and MarxIndependent and irrationalist movementsContemporary philosophyBergson, Dewey, and WhiteheadWestern MarxismAnalytic philosophyThe formalist traditionLogical atomismLogical positivismNaturalized epistemologyIdentity theory, functionalism, and eliminative materialismThe informalist traditionCommon-sense philosophyOrdinary-language philosophySpeech-act theoryContinental philosophyThe phenomenology of Husserl and HeideggerThe existentialism of Jaspers and SartreRecent trendsReferences & Edit HistoryRelated TopicsImages & VideosPhilosophy & ReligionPhilosophical IssuesFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/topic/Western-philosophyInternet Archive - Western PhilosophyStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Comparative Philosophy: Chinese and WesternPhilosophy Now - A Magazine of Ideas - The Key Ideas of Western PhilosophyThe Basics of Philosophy - Western PhilosophyWorld History Encyclopedia - Similarities Between Eastern and Western PhilosophyinformalistWestern philosophyContemporary philosophyKurt von Fritz
Professor of Classical Philosophy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. Author of Die griechische Geschichtesschreibung (vol. 1) and numerous others.AllBritannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....HistoryautonomouslogicscienceconceptualCommon-sense philosophyidealismskepticismA Defense of Common SenseskepticismexistenceOrdinary-language philosophyGilbert RyleJ.L. AustinThe Concept of Mindconceptionanalogousdiagnosisnuancesproblem of other mindstruthSpeech-act theoryconsiderationscriticismJohn R. Searleentitiesphilosophy of language
智能索引记录
-
2026-04-21 17:01:12
综合导航
成功
标题:公若不弃,愿拜为义父_辣酱热干面_第九章 如朕亲临,号令鬼神_全本小说网
简介:全本小说网提供公若不弃,愿拜为义父(辣酱热干面)第九章 如朕亲临,号令鬼神在线阅读,所有小说均免费阅读,努力打造最干净的
-
2026-04-20 19:37:07
新闻资讯
成功
标题:行业资讯-中关村科金得助智能
简介:随着越来越多的企业开展出海业务,与海外客户建立沟通顺畅的沟通管道变成非常重要,中关村科金推出的海外外呼机器人以强大的技术
-
2026-04-22 02:33:11
综合导航
成功
标题:末日断粮?我靠投喂八零糙汉吃肉_小喵妖娆_第25章 危险升级,是否要开启空间身体互换?_全本小说网
简介:全本小说网提供末日断粮?我靠投喂八零糙汉吃肉(小喵妖娆)第25章 危险升级,是否要开启空间身体互换?在线阅读,所有小说均
-
2026-04-19 22:48:11
综合导航
成功
标题:[位面]君侯奋斗史+番外全文免费阅读_[位面]君侯奋斗史+番外最新章节_[位面]君侯奋斗史+番外笔趣阁_630小说网
简介:回到古代王朝,成为富家公子,本该潇洒自在、美酒佳人。结果刚醒来,就被塞了块破封地赶出京都。皇帝:“来人啊去看一下哪个什么
-
2026-04-21 17:16:42
综合导航
成功
标题:第337章 山水金令辞好汉_猎命人_永恒之火_新笔趣阁(56xu.com)
简介:猎命人无防盗章节,作者永恒之火,第337章 山水金令辞好汉内容简要:松山派屈望息道:“孙兄做东,我等定然到场。诸位南地的