SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideostunnels and underground excavationsIntroductionHistoryAncient tunnelsFrom the Middle Ages to the presentCanal and railroad tunnelsSubaqueous tunnelsMachine-mined tunnelsTunneling techniquesBasic tunneling systemGeologic investigationExcavation and materials handlingGround supportEnvironmental controlModern soft-ground tunnelingSettlement damage and lost groundHand-mined tunnelsShield tunnelsWater controlSoft-ground molesPipe jackingModern rock tunnelingNature of the rock massConventional blastingRock supportConcrete liningRock boltsShotcretePreserving rock strengthWater inflowsHeavy groundUnlined tunnelsUnderground excavations and structuresRock chambersRock-mechanics investigationChamber excavation and supportSound-wall blastingShaftsShaft sinking and drillingShaft raisingImmersed-tube tunnelsDevelopment of methodModern practiceFuture trends in underground constructionEnvironmental and economic factorsImprovement of surface environmentScope of the tunneling marketPotential applicationsImproved technologyReferences & Edit HistoryRelated TopicsImages & Videostunnel summaryTechnologyEngineeringCivil Engineeringtunnels and underground excavationsFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/technology/tunnelABC listen - By Design - Engineering wonders: tunnels and bridgesPublic Broadcasting Service - Tunnelstunnel - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)Kenneth S. Lane
Consulting engineer for dams and tunnels, and soils and rock engineering. Editor of Proceedings of the North American Rapid Excavating and Tunneling Conference, 1972; Proceedings of the ASCE...Britannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....HistoryurbanizationWorld War IIair pollutionalleviatedconstructionviabletechnologyUnited StatesNational Academy of SciencesOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Developmentnatural resourceconsensusminingpublic worksstimulatedresearch and developmentrapid transitconveyanceNew TÅkaidÅ LinerailroadhighwayCalifornia AqueductSouth AfricasurplusNew YorkMexico CityMontrealextensiveSeikanutilizedproving groundChannel tunnelImmersedbulldozercontinental shelfstoragewater tableAtomic Energy Commissionnuclear wastefissuredChicagoUnderflow Tunnel and Reservoir Planalleviatesewagesewage treatmentLake MichiganGreat Lakestreatmentsteam powerquarryingaggregaterock chambersenvironmentvicinitynuclear powerundertakenJapaneseanalyticalcutterselectron beamcombinedmaterials-handlingmoleshigh-speed railempiricalprototypecorollaryportland cementperipheralblastingSwedengroutsdevelopedFranceParissubwaymasonryadjacentArc de TriompheKenneth S. LaneThe Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
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2026-04-22 04:11:00
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