SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideosradiation measurementIntroductionRadiation interactions in matterInteractions of heavy charged particlesInteractions of fast electronsInteractions of gamma rays and X raysPhotoelectric absorptionCompton scatteringPair productionRole of energy and atomic numberInteractions of neutronsSlow neutronsFast neutronsApplications of radiation interactions in detectorsPassive detectorsPhotographic emulsionsRadiographic filmsNuclear emulsionsFilm badge dosimetersThermoluminescent materialsMemory phosphorsTrack-etch detectorsNeutron-activation foilsBubble detectorActive detectorsModes of operationCurrent modeIntegrating modePulse modeCounting and spectroscopy systemsCounting systemsSpectroscopy systemsDetection efficiencyTiming characteristicsGas-filled detectorsIon chambersProportional countersGeiger-Müller countersSemiconductor detectorsSilicon detectorsGermanium detectorsScintillation and Cherenkov detectorsScintillatorsInorganic scintillatorsOrganic scintillatorsCherenkov detectorsConversion of light to chargeNeutron detectorsSlow-neutron detectorsFast-neutron detectorsReferences & Edit HistoryRelated TopicsImagesFun Facts of Measurement & MathSciencePhysicsProportional countersradiation measurementActive detectorsFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/technology/radiation-measurementLiveScience - How Is Radiation Exposure Measured?Hyperphysics - Radiation Detection and MeasurementUnited States Nuclear Regulatory Commission - Measuring RadiationGlenn F. Knoll
Professor of Nuclear Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Author of Radiation Detection and Measurement.Britannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....Historygas multiplicationconsequenceelectric-fieldcentimetresecondary ionizationelectric fieldquantumradiationanodediametercathodeelectric-field strengthavalanchessustainnegative ionnoble gasargonOxygencontinuous
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