Petroleum refining - Catalytic Cracking, Fractional Distillation, Hydroprocessing | Britannica
SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideospetroleum refiningIntroductionHistoryDistillation of kerosene and naphthaConversion to light fuelsEnvironmental concernsRaw materialsHydrocarbon chemistrySaturated moleculesUnsaturated moleculesTypes of crude oilConventional measurement systemsBasic refinery processesSeparationFractional distillationVacuum distillationSuperfractionationAbsorptionSolvent extractionAdsorptionCrystallizationConversionNaphtha reformingCatalytic crackingPolymerization and alkylationHydrocrackingIsomerizationVisbreaking, thermal cracking, and cokingPurificationSweeteningMercaptan extractionClay treatmentHydrogen treatmentMolecular sievesPetroleum products and their usesGasesGasolineOctane ratingHigh-volatile and low-volatile componentsGasoline blendingKeroseneDiesel oilsFuel oilsLubricating oilsGear oils and greasesOther petroleum productsPetrochemicalsOlefinsAromaticsPolymersInorganic chemicalsRefinery plant and facilitiesProcessing configurationsTopping and hydroskimming refineriesConversion refineriesOff-sitesTankageFlaresUtilitiesEnvironmental treatmentBulk transportationReferences & Edit HistoryRelated TopicsImagesTechnologyIndustryCatalytic crackingpetroleum refiningBasic refinery processesFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/technology/petroleum-refiningJohn E. Carruthers
Assistant General Manager, Refineries Department, British Petroleum Company Ltd., London, 1964â69.AllBritannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....Historycrackingfluid catalytic crackingcatalysttechnologyelectronradicalchain reactioncarbonium ionparaffincompoundprotonolefincarbonium ioncompoundscatalystsClick Here to see full-size tablezeoliticSchematic diagram of a fluid catalytic cracking unit.analogouscarbonefficiencycentrifugal forcewithdrawnUnited Statespropylenebutylenealkylationoctane numberconversion
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