SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBE TO PREMIUMHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideosnavigationIntroductionDevelopment of marine navigationDirection findingSailing instructionsDistance and speed measurementsThe magnetic compassThe lodestone and the compass cardThe liquid magnetic compassMarine chartsThe portolanoThe Mercator chartLatitude measurementsLongitude measurementsAlmanacs and tablesThe marine chronometerOther aids to navigationModern navigationSpeed measurementThe Pitot tubeElectronic meansDead reckoningCorrection for driftInertial guidance systemsDead reckoning by computerRadio navigationDirection findersRadio-beam systemsDistance measurementPosition hyperbolasImproved compassesThe gyromagnetic compassThe gyrocompassInstrumentsCollision avoidanceRadarOperationApplicationsSpecial systemsSatellites as navigation aidsReferences & Edit HistoryRelated TopicsImagesnavigation summaryTravel and NavigationExplorers and Explorations (Part Two) QuizTechnologyCars & Other Vehiclesgyromagnetic compassnavigationModern navigationFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/technology/navigation-technologyNational Geographic - Navigationnavigation - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)navigation - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)Edward W. Anderson
Navigational Adviser, Aviation Division, Smiths Industries Ltd., Cheltenham, England. Author of Principles of Navigation.AllBritannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....Historyvesselsgyroscopeutilitymagnetic compassThe gyrocompass1 of 2gyrocompass2 of 2gyrocompass operationmagnetic fieldEartheccentricWilliam Edward MayJohn Lawrance HowardTom S. LogsdonInstrumentsconnotationssea levelMach numberintegratedS.S.D. JonesTom S. LogsdonCollision avoidanceavoidrules of the roadsystematic
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