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Lighthouse | Definition, History, Equipment, & Facts | Britannica

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SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideoslighthouseIntroductionHistory of lighthousesLighthouses of antiquityMedieval lighthousesThe beginning of the modern era20th-century lighthousesConstructionIlluminantsOil lampsGas lampsElectric lampsOptical equipmentParaboloidal mirrorsRectangular and drum lensesIntensity, visibility, and character of lightsGeographic range and luminous rangeIdentificationSound signalsCompressed airElectricityEffective rangeAutomationFloating lightsLightshipsBuoysStructure and operationBuoyage systemsNational lighthouse systemsLists of LightsLighthouse administrationReferences & Edit HistoryRelated TopicsImageslighthouse summaryTechnologyCars & Other VehiclesFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/technology/lighthouseNational Museum of American History - A Brief History of LighthousesMinnesota Historical Society - History of the LighthouseNational Park Service - Historic Lighthouse Preservation Handbook Part II, Page 1 History of the Lighthouse Service The U.S. Lighthouse Establishment was created by the First Congress in 1789 to manage the twelve colonial lighthouses now controlled by the federal government and to oversee construction of new lighthouses. Sandy Hook Lighthouse, built in New Jersey in 1764, is the only colonial lighthouse that has survived (Boston Harbor Lighthouse, built in 1716, was rebuilt in 1783-1784). Colonial lighthouses were usually constructed of wood or rubble stone. Between 1789 and 1820 about 40 new lighthouses were built by the Lighthouse Establishment, many using brick and cut stone. Of these, only a few have survived, including Portland Head Lighthouse, Maine, built in 1790 and Cape Henry Lighthouse, Virginia, built in 1792. From 1820 until 1852, Steven Pleasonton, Fifth Auditor of the Treasury, was responsible for lighthouse construction and repairs. Though Pleasonton routinely History of the Lighthouse Service and Lighthouse Construction Typeslighthouse - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)lighthouse - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)Ian C. Clingan Former Engineer in Chief, Trinity House Lighthouse Service, London.Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....HistoryLighthousemaritimenavigationmarinerscolorlightnavigation systemsbuoysharborsimplicitybeaconIliadPharos of AlexandriaRomanstowersBlack SeaAtlanticOstiaRomeBoulogneFranceDoverEnglandPhoeniciansGreat Britainfiresroofcandlesoil lampsglassMedievalcommerceDark AgesconstructionEuropeItalyFrancebooksbeaconscoaloilconspicuousColumbusMeloriaLivornoFranceBoulogneemperorCharlemagneGirondeBordeauxEdward the Black PrincediameterislandEddystone LighthouseHanseatic LeagueSUBSCRIBE The beginning of the modern era The development of modern lighthouses can be said to have started about 1700, when improvements in structures and lighting equipment began to appear more rapidly. In particular, that century saw the first construction of towers fully exposed to the open sea. The first of these was Henry Winstanley’s 120-foot-high wooden tower on the notoriousEddystoneironfireJohn Smeatonmasonryembodieddovetailed1 of 2Eddystone Lighthouse: Sir James N. Douglass's version2 of 2Eddystone LighthouseadjacentSir James N. DouglassTrinity HouseJohn SmeatonJohn RennieJohn HopkinsonRobert Stevensonlight phase characteristicdaymarkfloat-out lighthouserange lightrevolving-beam lighthouseSee all related contentBeachy HeadmasonryBell RockScotlandBostonMassachusettscontinent

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