SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideoscoal miningIntroductionHistoryAncient use of outcropping coalDevelopments in mine entryShaftsHoistingVentilationFrom manual to mechanized extractionConventional miningDevelopment of continuous miningOrigins of longwall miningRoof supportHaulageManual labour to electric powerMechanized loadingConveyorsPreparationCoal depositsFormationCoalificationMajor coal erasRank and gradeResources and reservesDistribution worldwideEconomic factorsProspecting and explorationMappingDrillingSpatial patternsCore drilling and rotary drillingDozer cuttingGeophysical explorationChoosing a mining methodSurface miningMining methodsContour strip miningArea strip miningOpen-pit miningAuger miningEquipmentDozers and scrapersDrilling and blastingShovels and trucksDraglinesWheel excavatorsCoal removalReclamation equipmentUnderground miningMining methodsRoom-and-pillar miningLongwall miningShortwall miningThick-seam miningAuxiliary and unit operationsAccessGround control and roof supportHaulageVentilationMonitoring and controlHealth, safety, and environmentCoal preparationLevels of cleaningPreparation stepsCharacterizationLiberationSeparationDispositionCoal transportationRailroadsOn-highway trucksBargesConveyorsSlurry pipelinesElectric wireShipsReferences & Edit HistoryRelated TopicsImages & Videoscoal mining summaryWhat is limestone made of?TechnologyIndustrycoal miningFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/technology/coal-miningBBC - Coal mining created community and culture. Can clean energy do the same?M. Albert Evans
Mining consultant. Coauthor of Technical Manual on Longwall Mining Systems.AllBritannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....Historycoalstratatopographyalternativetechnologystripping ratiosextracttotal costcost-benefit analysisligniteSurface miningblastingconveyancescontour strip miningopen-pit miningauger miningContouroverburdenbreak-even stripping ratiosufficienttrenchstrataaugerssubsidencewater pollutionadaptationadjacentbulldozersscrapersrockBlastholesammonium nitratefuel oilANFOtruckOverburdenfleetshovelhydraulic miningcapacitiesopen-pitDraglinesdispersesAustraliaIndiaUnited Statesfacilitateslandsintegratedenhance
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