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Automation | Technology, Types, Rise, History, & Examples | Britannica

SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideosautomationIntroductionHistorical development of automationEarly developmentsModern developmentsPrinciples and theory of automationPower sourceFeedback controlsMachine programmingIndustrial roboticsDevelopment of roboticsThe robot manipulatorRobot programmingManufacturing applications of automation and roboticsAutomated production linesNumerical controlAutomated assemblyRobots in manufacturingFlexible manufacturing systemsComputer process controlComputer-integrated manufacturingAutomation in daily lifeCommunicationsTransportationService industriesConsumer productsAutomation and societyImpact on the individualImpact on societyAdvantages and disadvantages of automationReferences & Edit HistoryRelated TopicsImages & Videosautomation summaryMachinery and ManufacturingWhat is an autonomous vehicle?Are there any cars that are fully autonomous as of 2025?What is a computer?Who invented the computer?What can computers do?Politics, Law & GovernmentBanking & BusinessFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/technology/automationInternational Society of Automation - What Is Automation?IBM - What is Automation?University of Denver - Digital Commons - Technological Change, Automation and Employment: A Short Review of Theory and Evidence (PDF)Scholars at Harvard - The Direct and Indirect Effects of Automation on Employment: A Survey of the Recent LiteratureInternational Society of Automation - What is Automation?Nature - Towards end-to-end automation of AI researchThe Encyclopedia of Science Fiction - Automationautomation - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)Mikell P. Groover Professor of Industrial Engineering; Director, Manufacturing Technology Laboratory, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Author of Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing.Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....HistoryJacquard loom engraving, 1874mechanizationintegrationautomobile industryengineeringFord Motor CompanymanufacturingcontexttechnologycontrolRoboticsmachineanthropomorphicrobotcomputer scienceinformation processingBritannica Quiz Machinery and ManufacturingmechanizationIndustrial Revolutionpropensitymechanical devicestoolshuman intelligencesteammechanical clockMiddle Eaststeam engineWatt steam enginedevisedSUBSCRIBE Each new development in the history of powered machines has brought with it an increased requirement for control devices to harness the power of the machine. The earliest steam engines required a person to open and close the valves, first to admit steam into the piston chamber and then to exhaust it. Later a slide valve mechanism was devised to automatically accomplish these functions. The only need of the human operator was then to regulate the amount of steam that controlled the engine’s speed and power. This requirement for human attention in the operation of the steam engine was eliminated by the flying-ball governorJames Wattshaftcentrifugal forcenegative feedbackJacques de Vaucansonmachine programmingindustrial robotprogrammable automationflexible automationfixed automationNature - Towards end-to-end automation of AI researchSee all related contentJacquard loomconceptJoseph-Marie JacquardCharles Babbageanalytical enginedata processingprecursordigital computercomputers

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