SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideosgeomagnetic fieldIntroductionObservations of Earthâs magnetic fieldRepresentation of the fieldMeasurement of the fieldCharacteristics of Earthâs magnetic fieldDipolar fieldOuter magnetic fieldSources of the steady magnetic fieldThe geomagnetic dynamoCrustal magnetizationThe ionospheric dynamoThe ring currentThe magnetopause currentThe magnetotail currentField-aligned currentsConvective electrojetsSources of variation in the steady magnetic fieldSecular variation of the main fieldReversals of the main fieldVariations in the ionospheric dynamo currentMagnetic stormsâgrowth of the ring currentCause of magnetic stormsMagnetic reconnectionGeneration of a magnetospheric electric fieldDecay of the ring currentMagnetospheric substormsâunbalanced flux transferGrowth phaseExpansion phaseMagnetohydrodynamic wavesâmagnetic pulsationsReferences & Edit HistoryQuick Facts & Related TopicsImages & Videosgeomagnetic field summaryScienceEarth Science, Geologic Time & FossilsEarth Sciencesionospheric dynamogeomagnetic fieldSources of the steady magnetic fieldFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/science/geomagnetic-fieldIOPscience - Journal of Physics: Conference Series - The multifractality of the internal geomagnetic field (PDF)Frontiers - Frontiers in Earth Science - A New View of Long-Term Geomagnetic Field Secular VariationAustralian Government - Geoscience Australia - GeomagnetismDartmouth Digital Commons - Characterizing the Geomagnetic Field at High Southern Latitudes: Evidence From the Antarctic PeninsulaEvidence From the Antarctic Peninsula (PDF)Government of Canada - Natural Resources Canada - Earth's magnetic fieldBritish Geological Survey - An Overview of the Earth's Magnetic FieldSpace.com - Earth's magnetic field: ExplainedCORE - Geomagnetic field variations at low and high latitude during the January 10-11, 1997 magnetic cloudMassachusetts Institute of Technology - MIT News - Origins of EarthÃâs magnetic field remain a mysteryNational Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - New perspectives in the study of the Earth�s magnetic field and climate connection: The use of transfer entropyAPS Physics - How Earth�s Magnetic Field Influences Flows in the Planet�s CoreNASA Science - Flip Flop: Why Variations in Earth�s Magnetic Field Aren�t Causing Today�s Climate ChangeUSGS - Introduction to GeomagnetismUniversity of Colorado Boulder - Geomagnetism: Theories of Since 1900Internet Archive - "The geomagnetic field, its description and analysis"Geosciences LibreTexts - EarthÃâs Magnetic FieldRobert L. McPherron
Professor of Geophysics and Space Physics, University of California, Los Angeles.Britannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....HistoryEarthâsmagnetic fieldionospheresunlightSunradialLorentz forcefieldchargeelectric fieldEquatorexertsvaluesE regionanomalieswind systemsolar heatingatmospheregravityamplitudering currentparticle motion in Earth's magnetic fieldgyrationconvergingfield linemagnetic mirrorAzimuthaldriftprojectionconstitutesVan Allen radiation belt
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