SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideosevolutionIntroductionGeneral overviewThe evidence for evolutionThe fossil recordStructural similaritiesEmbryonic development and vestigesBiogeographyMolecular biologyHistory of evolutionary theoryEarly ideasCharles DarwinModern conceptionsThe Darwinian aftermathThe synthetic theoryMolecular biology and Earth sciencesThe cultural impact of evolutionary theoryScientific acceptance and extension to other disciplinesReligious criticism and acceptanceIntelligent design and its criticsThe science of evolutionThe process of evolutionEvolution as a genetic functionThe concept of natural selectionGenetic variation in populationsThe gene poolGenetic variation and rate of evolutionMeasuring gene variabilityThe origin of genetic variation: mutationsGene mutationsChromosomal mutationsDynamics of genetic changeGenetic equilibrium: the Hardy-Weinberg lawProcesses of gene-frequency changeMutationGene flowGenetic driftThe operation of natural selection in populationsNatural selection as a process of genetic changeSelection against one of the homozygotesOverdominanceFrequency-dependent selectionTypes of selectionStabilizing selectionDirectional selectionDiversifying selectionSexual selectionKin selection and reciprocal altruismSpecies and speciationThe concept of speciesThe origin of speciesReproductive isolationEcological isolationTemporal isolationEthological (behavioral) isolationMechanical isolationGametic isolationHybrid inviabilityHybrid sterilityHybrid breakdownA model of speciationGeographic speciationAdaptive radiationQuantum speciationPolyploidyGenetic differentiation during speciationPatterns and rates of species evolutionEvolution within a lineage and by lineage splittingConvergent and parallel evolutionGradual and punctuational evolutionDiversity and extinctionEvolution and developmentReconstruction of evolutionary historyDNA and protein as informational macromoleculesEvolutionary treesDistance methodsMaximum parsimony methodsMaximum likelihood methodsEvaluation of evolutionary treesMolecular evolutionMolecular phylogeny of genesMultiplicity and rate heterogeneityThe molecular clock of evolutionThe neutrality theory of molecular evolutionReferences & Edit HistoryQuick Facts & Related TopicsImages & Videosevolution summaryBiology BonanzaWhat are mutation hotspots?What is extinction?Are mass extinctions common?How do humans cause extinctions?What is a human being?ScienceBiologyBranches of BiologyFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/science/evolution-scientific-theoryNational Center for Science Education - Evolution: Fact and TheoryStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - EvolutionNPR - Watch The Creationism Vs. Evolution Debate: Ken Ham And Bill NyeBiology LibreTexts - Understanding EvolutionUniversity of California Museum of Paleontology - An introduction to evolutionGresham College - Evolution Tomorrow and BeyondNational Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Science and evolutionLive Science - What is Darwin's Theory of Evolution?evolution - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)evolution - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)Francisco Jose Ayala
Francisco J. Ayala is a University Professor and Donald Bren Professor of Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences; Professor of Philosophy, School of Humanities; and Professor of Logic and the...Britannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....Historymajor evolutionary eventsbiologyEarthevolutiondiversityspecieslifebacteriaboiling pointwaterfungialgaeAntarcticatube wormspiderlarkspurMount Everestsea levelSee all videos for this articleinfiniteCharles DarwinexplanationNatural selectionselectionGeneticssciencedevelopmentdisciplinemolecular biologygenehuman evolutiongenetics, humanhereditycolorationmimicryplant breedinganimal breedingcommunity ecology: Evolution of the biosphereDarwin, CharlesBritannica Quiz
Biology BonanzaSee all videos for this articlefossilcomprehensivedisciplinesbiochemistryphysiologyecologyanimal behaviourDNAHugo de VriesRobert BroomCharles DarwinThomas Henry HuxleyCharles Lyellsynthetic theory of evolutionconvergenceevolutionary treecatastrophe theorydivergenceBiology LibreTexts - Understanding EvolutionSee all related content
智能索引记录
-
2026-04-17 05:28:38
综合导航
成功
标题:適用於 Keithley Touch Test Invent® 機型的 TSP 應用解決方案:下載及執行方式 Tektronix
简介:How to download and run TSP® Applications: Keithley-develope
-
2026-04-16 19:40:33
视频影音
成功
标题:正在播放《你好星期六》正片-电影高清完整版-免费在线观看-被窝影院
简介:小小电影院[www.aysyljx.com]为你提供你好星期六高清完整删减版在线观看地址,你好星期六剧情介绍:节目重点围
-
2026-04-11 06:44:48
综合导航
成功
标题:我,气运之子,反派系统什么鬼?_羊飏羊_第925章 月色相拥,墨韵情长_全本小说网
简介:全本小说网提供我,气运之子,反派系统什么鬼?(羊飏羊)第925章 月色相拥,墨韵情长在线阅读,所有小说均免费阅读,努力打
-
2026-04-17 05:13:59
综合导航
成功
标题:How the EU’s new sustainability directive is becoming a game changer EY - Belgium
简介:Learn how the EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directiv
-
2026-04-17 05:24:02
电商商城
成功
标题:河北有线数字电视缴费怎么样 - 京东
简介:京东是专业的河北有线数字电视缴费网上购物商城,为您提供河北有线数字电视缴费价格图片信息、河北有线数字电视缴费怎么样的用户