SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideoscolorationIntroductionStructural and biochemical bases for colourStructural colours (schemochromes)ReflectionInterferenceScatteringPigments (biochromes)Chemical and biochemical featuresNonnitrogenous pigmentsCarotenoidsQuinonesBenzoquinonesNaphthoquinonesAnthraquinonesPolycyclic quinonesFlavonoidsAnthoxanthinsAnthocyaninsNitrogenous pigmentsTetrapyrroles, porphyrins, and their derivativesPorphyrinsHemoglobinsChlorophyllsBilinsIndole pigmentsMelaninsIndigoidsPhenoxazones and sclerotinsPurines and pterinsFlavins (lyochromes)Miscellaneous pigmentsHemocyaninsHemerythinsHemovanadinActiniochromeAdenochromeControl of colorationGenetic controlPhysiological controlThe adaptive value of biological colorationOptical functions: deceptive colorationCamouflageBackground matchingDisruptive colorationCountershadingThe role of shape in relation to colorationMimicryOptical functions: advertising colorationAttractionReproductive signalsSchooling signalsInterspecific signalsRepulsionTerritorial advertisingWarning, or aposematic, colorationOptical functions: combination of concealing and advertising colorationOptical functions: the roles of the selective agent and of illuminationThe selective agentIlluminationVisual functionsPhysiological functionsColoration changesColoration changes in individual organismsShort-term changesSeasonal changesAge-related changesColoration changes in populationsReferences & Edit HistoryQuick Facts & Related TopicsImages & Videoscoloration summaryBiology BonanzaWhat is homeostasis?What is an example of homeostasis in a living thing?What is an example of homeostasis in a mechanical system?Are there examples of homeostasis in ecosystems?Why is photosynthesis important?ScienceBiologyLife Cycle, Processes & PropertiescolorationFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/science/coloration-biologyNational Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Animal coloration: production, perception, function and applicationPNAS - Coloration strategies in peacock feathersNational Geographic - CamouflageGeorge S. Losey
Professor of Zoology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.AllBritannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....History1 of 2common octopus2 of 2common octopuscolour changestransientadrenalineepinephrinecephalopods1 of 2adaptive colour change2 of 2See all videos for this articleFiddler crabsintertidal zoneinnatemelaninEdward Howland BurttilluminationDenis Llewellyn FoxEdward Howland Burttstimulinervous systemclawed frogchromatophorepineal organorganlightSeasonal1 of 2white-tailed ptarmigan with winter plumage2 of 2white-tailed ptarmigan with summer plumagefoliagevarying haresnowshoe harestimulatedagespeciesjuvenileparrot fishFrank A. BrownEdward Howland Burtt
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