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Ancient Iran | History, Map, Cities, Religion, Art, Language, & Facts | Britannica

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Cuyler Young Curator, West Asian Department, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto. Professor of Near Eastern Studies, University of Toronto. Author of "A Comparative Ceramic Chronology for Western Iran, 1500–500 B.C."...AllBritannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....HistoryregioncoterminousPersian languageculturePersisParsaFārsdynastyAlexander the GreatSāsānian dynastyconquestIranIranian religionart and architecture, IranianMesopotamia, history ofmillenniumElamKhūzestānWorld War IIlegendsBritannica Quiz Former Names of Current Places QuizDarius IBīsotūnPaleolithic PeriodEnigmaticMousteriancharacterizedMiddle EastSUBSCRIBE Locally, the Mousterian is followed by an Upper Paleolithic flint industry called the Baradostian. Radiocarbon dates suggest that this is one of the earliest Upper Paleolithic complexes; it may have begun as early as 36,000 bc. Its relationship to neighbouring industries, however, remains unclear. Possibly, after some cultural and typological discontinuity, perhaps caused by the maximum cold of the last phase of the Würm glaciation, the Baradostian was replaced by a local Upper Paleolithic industry called the Zarzian. This tool tradition, probably dating to the period 12,000 to 10,000 bc, marks the end of the Iranian Paleolithic sequence. The Neolithic PeriodV. Gordon ChildewitnessedGanj DarehAli KoshKarīm ShahīrsedentaryJarmoTepe YahyaagriculturalAfghanistanCentral Asiaculturesancient Middle EastBronze AgecoherentThe ElamitesplateauSumerBabylonTepe Hissarlapis lazuliaffinitiesparametersGorgānartifactsYetHasanluusheredElamitesinheritanceSusaviceroybilateralsucceededAssyriacombinedAwanAkkadShulgidynastyUrBabylonHammurabiKutir-Nahhunte ISamsuilunaAshurbanipalcommemoratedUntash-GalShalmaneser IAssyriaChoghā ZanbīlTukulti-Ninurta IShutruk-Nahhunte IDiyālā Riverlaw codeShilkhak-In-ShushinaksuccessorNebuchadrezzar IsuccessionconquestscompoundedMedesIron AgeIndo-European languagesMedesPersiansAssyrianZagrosindigenousLake UrmiaElburz MountainstopographyUrartumanifestationwidespreadDeiocesHerodotusEcbatanaSargon IIlegendPhraortesScythiansEsarhaddonexertedScythian interregnumCyaxaresMediahegemonyArrapkhaNinevehAshurBabylonNebuchadrezzar IIheirFertile CrescentLydiabalance of powervastAstyagesCyrus IICyrus IIeponymousAchaemenesTeispesCyrus ICambyses IAriaramnesAshurbanipalallegiancediplomaticNabonidusBabyloniansCroesusCiliciaindecisiveHalys RiverMiletusSardisDeutero-IsaiahMarduklegitimateCambyses IIAmu DaryaSyr DaryaAchaemenianBardiyaEgyptAhmose IISinai DesertPsamtik IIIPelusiumCarthageprovisionsDaphnaeMemphisElephantineprejudicesDarius IDarius IpropagandaAriaramnesHystaspesdynamicclemencyIndian subcontinentBlack SeaDanube RiverIonianrevoltedprosperedAtheniansMardoniussuppressedXerxesThraceMacedoniaIonian revoltPersian invasion of GreeceBattle of MarathonXerxes IdesignatedThermopylaeAthensBattle of SalamisimpetusPlataeaMycaledisciplinedDelian LeagueresilientArtaxerxes IDarius II OchusPeace of CalliasSamosstuporPeloponnesian WarSpartafleetTissaphernesPharnabazusArtaxerxes IICyrus the YoungerrevoltsatrapsAsia MinorcompetentCononKing’s PeacemercenariesBattle of CunaxaXenophonmountTachoswrathArtaxerxes IIIsetbackSidonPalestineNubiaPhilip IIBattle of ChaeroneaimperviousBagoasArsesDarius IIIintrigueBattle of GranicusAlexander the GreatprejudicedcollectiveLanguageOld Persiandialectnonliterate societyAramaicbureaucracySāsānianIranian languagesaristocracyking of kingskingcharismaReligionjusticehaomaZoroasterIranian religionethicalabhorrelegatedAhura MazdāZoroastrianismhaomaanimalritualfireintimatemoraldevaAchaemenidsreprehensibleMithraAnāhitācultsZoroastrianismArtPersepolis, Iran: sculpturepreciousSogdianaeclecticarchitecturePasargadaeconceptionbarbarianslegaciesking of kingssatrapshereditarylevy10,000 “immortals,”Elephantinefacilitatedroad systempostal systemconsciouscornerstonesSemitic languagesimperialtaxesleviedincome taxIoniamilitary serviceinherenttradeRed SeaArabian SeaPersian Gulfweights and measurescirculationbalance of paymentsAchaemenian dynastySasanian dynastyPersian Royal RoadParthiaCtesiphonPasargadaeSogdianaEcbatanaHistory World - History of Iran (Persia)See all related contentdiverseT. Cuyler Young

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