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Italy - Garibaldi, Thousand, Unification | Britannica

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artsVisual artsArchitectureLiteratureMusicTheaterFilmCultural institutionsMuseums and galleriesLibrariesCultural institutesSports and recreationMedia and publishingHistoryItaly in the early Middle AgesThe late Roman Empire and the OstrogothsFifth-century political trendsThe Ostrogothic kingdomThe end of the Roman worldLombards and ByzantinesThe Lombard kingdom, 584–774Popes and exarchs, 590–800Ethnic identity and governmentLombard ItalyByzantine ItalySimilarities between Lombard and Byzantine statesCarolingian and post-Carolingian Italy, 774–962The kingdom of ItalyThe role of RomeThe reign of Berengar IThe south, 774–1000Literature and artEconomy and societySocioeconomic developments in the countrysideSubsistence cultivationThe growing power of the aristocracySocioeconomic developments in the cityItaly, 962–1300Italy under the Saxon emperorsThe Ottonian systemSocial and economic developmentsThe reform movement and the Salian emperorsThe papacy and the NormansThe Investiture ControversyThe rise of communesThe age of the HohenstaufenFrederick I (Frederick Barbarossa)Papal-imperial relationsInstitutional reformsNorthern ItalyEconomic and cultural developmentsHenry VIOtto IVFrederick IIRelations to the papacyThe kingdom of JerusalemThe Sicilian kingdomThe war in northern ItalyThe factors shaping political factionsThe end of Hohenstaufen ruleEconomic developmentsCultural developmentsItaly in the 14th and 15th centuriesCharacteristics of the periodItaly to c. 1380The southern kingdoms and the Papal StatesThe popolo and the formation of the signorie in central and northern ItalyVenice in the 14th centuryFlorence in the 14th centuryEconomic changeFamine, war, and plague (1340–80)Italy from c. 1380 to c. 1500Political development, 1380–1454The states of Italy in the 15th centuryThe southern monarchies and the Papal StatesVeniceFlorenceMilanThe first French invasionSavonarolaThe early Italian RenaissanceHumanismThe arts and intellectual lifeEarly modern Italy (16th to 18th century)From the 1490s through the 17th-century crisisFrench and Spanish rivalries after 1494French loss of Naples, gain of MilanSpanish acquisition of NaplesTuscany and the papacyFrench victories in LombardyThe age of Charles VNew warfareSpanish victory in ItalySpanish ItalyThe Kingdom of NaplesThe kingdom of SicilySardiniaThe duchy of MilanPrincipates and oligarchic republicsThe duchy of SavoyThe duchy of TuscanyThe republic of GenoaThe Republic of VeniceThe Papal StatesCulture and societySociety and economyThe 17th-century crisisReform and Enlightenment in the 18th centurySociety and economyPolitical thought and early attempts at reformThe era of Enlightenment reformMilanTuscanyNaples and SicilyThe other Italian statesThe crisis of the old regimeRevolution, restoration, and unificationThe French Revolutionary periodThe early yearsFrench invasion of ItalyRoots of the RisorgimentoThe Italian republics of 1796–99Collapse of the republicsThe French Consulate, 1799–1804The 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Author of La società veneta alla fine del 700 and others.AllBritannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....HistoryGiuseppe GaribaldisovereignsSicilyendemicPalermoideologyExpedition of the ThousandLiguriaRubio plans to visit the Vatican this week as tensions between Trump and the pope riseUnited flight landing in Newark strikes pole on New Jersey Turnpike, damages delivery truckThuram's goal and Lautaro's assist lead Inter to the Serie A title and a long-awaited San Siro partyAlex Zanardi, auto racing champ who won Paralympic golds between life-altering accidents, dies at 59Pisa and Verona relegated by Lecce win while Venezia promoted from Serie BUnification of ItalyMarsalaindigenoussecularFrancesco Crispiimplicationscoup d’étatTwo SiciliesFrancis IIVictor Emmanuel IIStrait of MessinaFrancis IIGaetaCasertaPapal States, 1815–70prestigeinitiativeNapoleon IIIPapal StatesRomeVenetiaplebiscitesendorsedannexationCarignano Palace, TurinTurincontext

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