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sin, and repentanceProphecyEschatology (doctrine of last things)Social serviceFundamental practices and institutions of IslamThe five pillarsThe shahādah, or profession of faithPrayerThe zakātFastingThe hajjSacred places and daysShrines of Sufi saintsThe mosqueHoly daysIslamic thoughtOrigins, nature, and significance of Islamic theologyEarly developmentsThe Hellenistic legacyTheology and sectarianismThe KhārijitesThe MuÊ¿tazilahSunnismThe way of the majorityTolerance of diversityInfluence of al-AshÊ¿arÄ« and al-MāturÄ«dÄ«ShiÊ¿ismIsmāʿīlÄ«sRelated sectsOther groupsSufismThe AḥmadiyyahIslamic philosophyThe Eastern philosophersBackground and scope of philosophical interest in IslamRelation to the MuÊ¿tazilah and interpretation of theological issuesThe teachings of al-KindÄ«The teachings of AbÅ« Bakr al-RāzÄ«The teachings of al-FārābÄ«Political philosophy and the study of religionInterpretation of Plato and AristotleThe analogy of religion and philosophyImpact on IsmāʿīlÄ« theologyThe teachings of AvicennaThe “Oriental Philosophy”Distinction between essence and existence and the doctrine of creationThe immortality of individual soulsPhilosophy, religion, and mysticismThe Western philosophersBackground and characteristics of the Western Muslim philosophical traditionThe teachings of Ibn BājjahTheoretical science and intuitive knowledgeUnconcern of philosophy with reformThe teachings of Ibn ṬufaylThe philosopher as a solitary individualConcern for reformThe hidden secret of Avicenna’s “Oriental Philosophy”The teachings of AverroësPhilosophyThe divine lawTheologyThe new wisdom: Synthesis of philosophy and mysticismPhilosophy, traditionalism, and the new wisdomPhilosophyTraditionalism and the new wisdomCharacteristic features of the new wisdomCritiques of Aristotle in Islamic theologySynthesis of philosophy and mysticismPrimary teachers of the new wisdomThe teachings of al-SuhrawardÄ«The teachings of Ibn al-Ê¿ArabÄ«The teachings of Twelver ShiÊ¿ism and the school of Eá¹£fahānThe teachings of MÄ«r DāmādThe teachings of Mullā á¹¢adrāImpact of modernismSocial and ethical principlesFamily lifeThe stateEducationCultural diversityReligion and the artsThe visual artsMusicLiteratureArchitectureIslamic myth and legendSources and variationsThe Qurʾān and non-Islamic influencesThe mysticsTypes of myth and legendCosmogony and eschatologyTales and legends concerning religious figuresMuhammadOther Qurʾānic figuresMystics and other later figuresMythologization of secular talesTales and beliefs about numbers and lettersIllustration of myth and legendSignificance and modern interpretationsReferences & Edit HistoryQuick Facts & Related TopicsImages & VideosIslam summaryIslamWhat is Ramadan?When is Ramadan?What are the religious practices during Ramadan?Are there exemptions for fasting during Ramadan?HomePhilosophy & ReligionScripturesFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/facts/IslamThe Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica The Information Architects maintain a master list of the topics included in the corpus of  Encyclopædia Britannica, and create and manage the relationships between them.Pope doubles down on peace and unity message as Trump's criticism continuesPope starts Africa tour in Algeria and calls for peace against Iran war's backdropPope's Africa trip takes him to a source of growth for the church, and critical challengesThe Latest: Netanyahu approves talks with Lebanon after Israeli strikes imperil Iran ceasefireThe Latest: Iran says it has accepted a 2-week ceasefire in the warSee All Videos and Images →Islamic artsIslamic worldIslamic literatureÊ¿ushrmissionsSufismshariaShiÊ¿iqawwaliKhārijiteChristianityJudaismHinduismBuddhismTaoismSikhismConfucianismRoman religionJainismZoroastrianismdeath: Islāmeschatology: IslamJerusalem: Muslimsmonasticism: Islamsacrifice: Islamdietary law: Islamreligious dress: Islamcovenant: Islamhell: Islammiracle: Islamsalvation: Islammonotheism: Islamsaint: Islamrevelation: Islamheaven: IslamMuhammadMuḥammad I AskiaIbn TaymiyyahRuhollah KhomeiniAurangzebSir Sayyid Ahmad KhanIbn ḤazmMaḥmÅ«d GhāzānMuḥammad Ê¿AbduhNaṣīr al-DÄ«n al-ṬūsÄ«KabirTheōdÅ«rus AbÅ« QurrahGilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th earl of MintoShirdi Sai BabaAḥmad GrāñAga Khan IIIKijai Hadji Ahmad DachlanSeyid Ä°madeddin NesimiIskandar MudaSayyid Amir AliIslamFacebookXYouTubeInstagramAbout Us & Legal InfoAdvertisingContact UsPrivacy PolicyTerms of UseEqual Opportunity

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