SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideosWorld War IIIntroduction & Top QuestionsAxis initiative and Allied reactionThe outbreak of warForces and resources of the European combatants, 1939Technology of war, 1918â39The war in Europe, 1939â41The campaign in Poland, 1939The Baltic states and the Russo-Finnish War, 1939â40The war in the west, September 1939âJune 1940The invasion of NorwayThe invasion of the Low Countries and FranceThe evacuation from DunkirkItalyâs entry into the war and the French ArmisticeThe Battle of Britain and the BlitzCentral Europe and the Balkans, 1940â41Other fronts, 1940â41Egypt and Cyrenaica, 1940âsummer 1941East AfricaIraq and Syria, 1940â41The beginning of lend-leaseThe Atlantic and the Mediterranean, 1940â41German strategy, 1939â42Invasion of the Soviet Union, 1941The war in the Pacific, 1938â41The war in China, 1937â41Japanese policy, 1939â41Pearl Harbor and the Japanese expansion, to July 1942The fall of SingaporeThe Chinese front and Burma, 1941â42Developments from autumn 1941 to spring 1942Allied strategy and controversies, 1940â42Libya and Egypt, autumn 1941âsummer 1942The Germansâ summer offensive in southern Russia, 1942The Alliesâ first decisive successesThe Solomons, Papua, Madagascar, the Aleutians, and Burma, July 1942âMay 1943Burma, autumn 1942âsummer 1943Montgomeryâs Battle of el-Alamein and Rommelâs retreat, 1942â43Stalingrad and the German retreat, summer 1942âFebruary 1943The invasion of northwest Africa, NovemberâDecember 1942Tunisia, November 1942âMay 1943The Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the North Sea, 1942â45Air warfare, 1942â43German-occupied EuropeCasablanca and Trident, JanuaryâMay 1943The Eastern Front, FebruaryâSeptember 1943The Southwest and South Pacific, JuneâOctober 1943The Allied landings in Europe and the defeat of the Axis powersDevelopments from autumn 1943 to summer 1944Sicily and the fall of Mussolini, JulyâAugust 1943The Quadrant Conference (Quebec I)The Alliesâ invasion of Italy and the Italian volte-face, 1943The western Allies and Stalin: Cairo and TehrÄn, 1943German strategy, from 1943The Eastern Front, October 1943âApril 1944The war in the Pacific, October 1943âAugust 1944The encirclement of RabaulWestern New GuineaThe central PacificThe Burmese frontier and China, November 1943âsummer 1944The Italian front, 1944Developments from summer 1944 to autumn 1945The Allied invasions of western Europe, JuneâNovember 1944The Eastern Front, JuneâDecember 1944Air warfare, 1944Allied policy and strategy: Octagon (Quebec II) and Moscow, 1944The Philippines and Borneo, from September 1944Burma and China, October 1944âMay 1945The German offensive in the west, winter 1944â45The Soviet advance to the Oder, JanuaryâFebruary 1945YaltaThe German collapse, spring 1945PotsdamThe end of the Japanese war, FebruaryâSeptember 1945Iwo Jima and the bombing of TokyoOkinawaHiroshima and NagasakiThe Japanese surrenderCosts of the warKilled, wounded, prisoners, or missingHuman and material costEuropeThe Far EastReferences & Edit HistoryQuick Facts & Related TopicsImages, Videos & InteractivesPop Quiz: 17 Things to Know About World War IIWorld War II summaryWorld War II QuizPick Your Battles QuizWorld WarsA History of WarGermany and World War IIWhat was the cause of World War II?What were the turning points of World War II?How did World War II end?How many people died during World War II?Who won the Battle of Stalingrad?World HistoryWars, Battles & Armed ConflictsFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-IICouncil on Foreign Relations - Education - Why Did World War II Happen?The National WWII Museum - World War II and Popular CultureWeapons and Warfare - World War IINational Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - The Effects of World War II on Economic and Health Outcomes across EuropeAir and Space Forces Magazine - CasualtiesNew Zealand History - Second World WarOhio State University - Origins - The Nazis Take Poland and the Start of World War IIWorld War II - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)World War II - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)World War IIThe Alliesâ first decisive successesThomas A. Hughes
Dr. Thomas Alexander Hughes (BA, Saint Johnâs University; MA, PhD, University of Houston) is an associate professor at the School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, Maxwell AFB, Alabama. He formerly served...AllBritannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....HistoryHitlerideologyconceptionpower politicsNetherlandsNorwayGermanyFranceSerbiaPolandSoviet UnionGeorg Baselitz, German artist known for provocation and upside-down paintings, dies at 88Royals boost Dutch military volunteers as Europe looks to ramp up troop numbersRussia to hold a Victory Day parade without military equipment for the 1st time in nearly 2 decadesHeather Morris returns to WWII with 'The Piano Teacher of Montparnasse' set in Nazi-occupied ParisSScorpsNazi PartyEuropeFritz Sauckelforeign workersEuropeforced or slave laborersFinal Solutionextermination of the Jewish peopledecisiveSee all videos for this articleJewsghettoesCommunistsRussiaUkrainesquadsWannsee ConferenceAuschwitzTreblinkaBelzecCheÅmnoMajdanekSobiborExecution during the HolocaustSlavsconquestwarâsUkraineresentmentgrainresistanceUndergroundRed ArmyPartisansmilitary intelligenceYugoslaviaGreececomprisederadicateindiscriminateantipathyguerrilla warfarecrescendoracism
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