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The anatomy of the ear | Britannica

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SUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBESUBSCRIBEHomeHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyGames & QuizzesVideosOn This DayOne Good FactDictionaryNew ArticlesHistory & SocietyLifestyles & Social IssuesPhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentWorld HistoryScience & TechHealth & MedicineScienceTechnologyBiographiesBrowse BiographiesAnimals & NatureBirds, Reptiles & Other VertebratesEnvironmentFossils & Geologic TimeInsects & Other InvertebratesMammalsPlantsGeography & TravelGeography & TravelArts & CultureEntertainment & Pop CultureLiteratureSports & RecreationVisual ArtsImage GalleriesPodcastsSummariesTop QuestionsLists and StoriesBritannica KidsAsk the ChatbotGames & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureProConMoneyVideosHomeHealth & MedicineAnatomy & PhysiologyFacebookXhttps://www.britannica.com/summary/earThe Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....human earStructures of the human ear. The cartilaginous auricle and the auditory canal of the outer ear direct sound waves to the middle ear. The eardrum, stretched across the end of the canal, vibrates as sound waves reach it. Vibrations are transmitted via three small bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup) to the membranous oval window, which links the middle ear to the inner ear. The cochlea is a coiled, fluid-filled tube lined with sensory hairs. Vibrations in the oval window cause movement of the cochlear fluid, stimulating the hairs to initiate impulses that travel along a branch of the auditory nerve to the brain. The eustachian tube, running from the middle ear to the nasopharynx, equalizes pressure between the middle and outer ear. The fluid-filled semicircular canals play a role in balance, as hairs in the canals respond to movement-induced changes in the fluid by initiating impulses that travel to the brain.

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